This page would list out the major differences between RHEL 7 and 6 variants and key features in RHEL 7. To know more one may visit the links that I've pasted further down the page.
Features | RHEL 7 | RHEL 6 |
Default File System | XFS | EXT4 |
Kernel Version | 3.10.x-x kernel | 2.6.x-x Kernel |
Kernel Code Name | Maipo | Santiago |
General Availability Date of First Major Release | 2014-06-09 (Kernel Version 3.10.0-123) | 2010-11-09 (Kernel Version 2.6.32-71) |
First Process | systemd (process ID 1) | init (process ID 1) |
Runlevel | runlevels are called as "targets" as shown below: runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target runlevel1.target -> rescue.target runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target runlevel5.target -> graphical.target runlevel6.target -> reboot.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target (this by default is linked to the multi-user.target OR graphical.target) | Traditional runlevels defined : runlevel 0 runlevel 1 runlevel 2 runlevel 3 runlevel 4 runlevel 5 runlevel 6 and the default runlevel would be defined in "/etc/inittab" file. |
Host Name Change | In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, as part of the move to the new init system (systemd), the hostname variable is defined in "/etc/hostname" file. | In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, the hostname variable was defined in the "/etc/sysconfig/network" configuration file. |
Change In UID Allocation | By default a new user created would get UIDs assigned starting from 1000. This could be changed in "/etc/login.defs" file if required. | Default UID assigned to users would start from 500. This could be changed in "/etc/login.defs" file if required. |
Max Supported File Size | Maximum (individual) file size = 500TB Maximum filesystem size = 500TB (This maximum file size is only on 64-bit machines. Red Hat Enterprise Linux does not support XFS on 32-bit machines.) | Maximum (individual) file size = 16TB Maximum filesystem size = 16TB (This maximum file size is based on a 64-bit machine. On a 32-bit machine, the maximum files size is 8TB.) |
File System Check | "xfs_repair" XFS does not run a file system check at boot time. | "e2fsck" File system check would gets executed at boot time. |
Differences Between xfs_repair & e2fsck | "xfs_repair" - Inode and inode blockmap (addressing) checks. - Inode allocation map checks. - Inode size checks. - Directory checks. - Pathname checks. - Link count checks. - Freemap checks. - Super block checks. | "e2fsck" - Inode, block, and size checks. - Directory structure checks. - Directory connectivity checks. - Reference count checks. - Group summary info checks. |
Difference Between xfs_growfs & resize2fs | "xfs_growfs" xfs_growfs takes mount point as arguments. | "resize2fs" resize2fs takes logical volume name as arguments. |
Change In File System Structure | /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64 are now nested under /usr. | /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64 are usually under / |
Boot Loader | GRUB 2 Supports GPT, additional firmware types, including BIOS, EFI and OpenFirmware. Ability to boot on various file systems (xfs, ext4, ntfs, hfs+, raid, etc) | GRUB 0.97 |
KDUMP | RHEL7 supports kdump on large memory based systems up to 3 TB | Kdump doesn’t work properly with large RAM based systems. |
System & Service Manager | "Systemd" systemd is a system and service manager for Linux, and replaces SysV and Upstart used in previous releases of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. systemd is compatible with SysV and Linux Standard Base init scripts. | Upstart |
Enable/Start Service | For RHEL 7, the systemctl command replaces service and chkconfig. - Start Service : "systemctl start nfs-server.service". - Enable Service : To enable the service (example: nfs service ) to start automatically on boot : "systemctl enable nfs-server.service". Although one can still use the service and chkconfig commands to start/stop and enable/disable services, respectively, they are not 100% compatible with the RHEL 7 systemctl command | Using "service" command and "chkconfig" commands. - Start Service : "service nfs start" OR "/etc/init.d/nfs start" - Enable Service : To start with specific runlevel : "chkconfig --level 3 5 nfs on" |
Default Firewall | "Firewalld (Dynamic Firewall)" The built-in configuration is located under the "/usr/lib/firewalld" directory. The configuration that you can customize is under the "/etc/firewalld" directory. It is not possible to use Firewalld and Iptables at the same time. But it is still possible to disable Firewalld and use Iptables as before. | Iptables |
Network Bonding | "Team Driver" -/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-team0 - DEVICE=”team0” - DEVICETYPE=”Team” | "Bonding" -/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 - DEVICE=”bond0” |
Network Time Synchronization | Using Chrony suite (faster time sync compared with ntpd) | Using ntpd |
NFS | NFS4.1 NFSv2 is no longer supported. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 supports NFSv3, NFSv4.0, and NVSv4.1 clients. | NFS4 |
Cluster Resource Manager | Pacemaker | Rgmanager |
Load Balancer Technology | Keepalived and HAProxy | Piranha |
Desktop/GUI Interface | GNOME3 and KDE 4.10 | GNOME2 |
Default Database | MariaDB is the default implementation of MySQL in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 | MySQL |
Managing Temporary Files | RHEL 7 uses systemd-tmpfiles (more structured, and configurable, method to manage tmp files and directories). | Using "tmpwatch" |
References :-
|
RHEL7 Extras | ||
Introduction of Docker | Docker is an open source project that automates the deployment of applications inside Linux Containers, and provides the capability to package an application with its run time dependencies into a container. | |
Device Hot-plug Removed | While RHEL 5/6 has device hot-plug support (udev rule that runs the ifup script for newly created devices), it has been disabled for RHEL 7 since it can result in race conditions when initializing newly found. | |
No 32 Bit ISO Image | No 32 bit ISO for download. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 will only provide 64-bit ISO's, thus allowing only a 64-bit operating environment. RHEL 7 will not natively support 32-bit hardware. | |
"MemAvailable" Added to /proc/meminfo | A new entry to the /proc/meminfo file has been introduced to provide the MemAvailable field. MemAvailable provides an estimate of how much memory is available for starting new applications, without swapping. However, unlike the data provided by the Cache or Free fields, MemAvailable takes into account page cache and also that not all reclaimable memory slabs will be reclaimable due to items being in use. | |
New Ruby and Python Versions | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 provides the latest Ruby version, 2.0.0 and Python 2.7.5. | |
OpenJDK7 Made Default | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 features OpenJDK7 as the default Java Development Kit (JDK) and Java 7 as the default Java version. | |
More Powerful NetworkManager | NetworkManager has been significantly enhanced to configure and monitor all the networking features for enterprise class servers and for desktop applications. For the enterprise data centers, NetworkManager can be used for tasks such as basic networking configuration, network teaming, configuring virtual LANs, bridges, bonds, IPv6, VPNs, assigning interfaces to firewall zones, and others. For desktop servers it can manage wired and wireless networks and VPNs. | |
Support for 40 Gigabit NICs | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 supports 40 Gigabit network interface controllers (NICs) from multiple hardware partners. This provides support for 40 Gigabit Ethernet link speeds enabling faster network communication for applications and systems. Note that the ethtool utility will report interface link speeds up to 40Gb data rates. | |
No RHN Classic | RHN Classic is not supported in RHEL7. Older versions supported different subscription management methods. Red Hat Subscription Management is the only one used by RHEL 7. | |
OpenSSH - Multiple Required Authentications | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 supports multiple required authentications in SSH protocol version 2 using the AuthenticationMethods option. This option lists one or more comma-separated lists of authentication method names. Successful completion of all the methods in any list is required for authentication to complete. | |
Minimum Disk Space for Installation of RHEL7 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 now requires at least 1 GB of disk space to install. However, Red Hat recommends a minimum of 5 GB of disk space for all supported architectures. | |
Implementation of tmpfs file system | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 offers the ability to use /tmp as a mount point for a temporary file storage system (tmpfs). When enabled, this temporary storage appears as a mounted file system, but stores its content in volatile memory instead of on a persistent storage device. No files in /tmp are stored on the hard drive except when memory is low, in which case swap space is used. This means that the contents of /tmp are not persisted across a reboot. | |
In-place upgrade, now supported | Now, in-place upgrade from RHEL 6 is supported to RHEL 7 (Reference: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/637583). | |
Dracut used by Anaconda | Anaconda would use "Dracut" to configure disks during installation (GUI) in RHEL 7.x which was earlier performed by utility called "disk druid". | |
New Logging Framework | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 introduces a new logging daemon, journald, as part of the move to systemd. journald captures the following types of message for all services: - syslog messages - kernel messages - initial RAM disk and early boot messages - messages sent to standard output and standard error output. | |
Samba 4 fully supported | RHEL 7 provides Samba 4, bundle of utilities, features, python bindings which allows communications using SMB1, SMB2 & SMB3 protocols. In RHEL 6.4 and later versions, Samba 4 was provided as Technology Preview. | |
Non-root user process limitations | In RHEL 6.x, non-root users were resitricted to a total of 1024 processes per PAM session. In RHEL 7.x, this has been increased to 4096 processes per PAM session by default. | |
PCS replaces luci | The high availability management agent "luci" has been replaced by "pcs" in RHEL 7. Now, "pcs" can controls pacemaker-based clusters only, not rgmanager-based cluster setups. | |
Default IO Scheduler | "deadline" is now the default IO scheduler in RHEL 7.x (except SATA drives) which was earlier "cfq" by default. | |
Changes to mount options | Unlike ext3 and ext4, the XFS file system enables the user_xattr and acl mount options by default. Ext3 and ext4 file systems do not enable these attributes by default. | |
A few advanced differences:
Another Interesting blog on RHEL 7: http://www.certdepot.net/rhel7-quick-recipes/
|
……………..…………. *all these details are collected from Redhat Offical site. This may not be widespread, but it is my effort to make a user-friendly sheet with a few main points.
85 comments:
Thanks for good effort
Thanks for the useful information.
Thanks for this useful details... I am sure it will come handy soon enough. Kudos...
Thanks a lot.. Really great effort.
Thanks Mr. Murthy for sharing this details. Very helpful to identify major differences.
Hi
Thanks a lot. Great article.
Another difference is the new commands for net: ip addr versus ifconfig, ip route versus route, ...
Toni
Thanks Toni. Yes, there are a lot of changes, new features, options introduced in RHEL7, as I noticed one such good one is the command auto-fill which auto-populates commands by typing a few characters and then pressing tab key (once/twice).
Really Appreciate your Efforts for RHEL 6 And RHEL7 Difference.
And Also Very good Web Designing and Creativity As Well (Specially Embed code fro Fish TANK).
Keep it Up Sadashiva Murthy
Sadashiva Murthy, Document is very neat, simple and good collection of important differences. Please keep on posting further blogs.
Thank you again.
Thanks sir...
Thanks Pawndeep, Vishal and everyone... :)
Dear Sadashiva, Thanks for the great information.... Looking forward for many more informations like this..
httpd 2.2 v/s 2.6
Hello Mr. Murthy,
I want to know For 3.10 based kernels, what is the maximum LV size ??
maximum device size with LVM is 8 exabytes on 64 bit CPU as per "LVM Guide" of rhel 7.
The mount command seems to behave differently in RHEL 7 when compared to RHEL 6. I found that entries that were marked as noauto in fstab are listed in RHEL 6 mount command but not so in RHEL 7. Any idea what we need to run to get these entries also in RHEL 7?
Thanks
rajesh
The man page of 'mount' says this.....
noauto Can only be mounted explicitly (i.e., the -a option will not cause the filesystem to be mounted).
There is no change in either rhel versions.
Thanks a lot!
Thought-provoking blog post . For what it's worth , if someone need to merge PDF files , my business partner encountered a service here altomerge.com.
when i run yum update -y after updating all the packages. System is getting error at grub and not booting from then. Any solution for this issue.
Very, very useful. Bookmarked :)
Thank you.
generally for an issue as such when system fails to boot up after kernel/system update would be because of missing boot driver/module from intramfs disk otherwise, mismatch of root file system disk. Make sure to re-create ramdisk after upgrade.. this would help.
Hello Sadashiv,
Thanks for the summary.
Can you tell me if there are any compiler modifications from rhel 6 to rhel7?
Thanks in advance.
I see that the primary compiler packages in RHEL 7.x is gcc 4.8.x compared to gcc 4.4.x of RHEL 6.x.
Check out these links for more details:
http://developers.redhat.com/blog/2014/08/11/whats-new-in-gcc-for-red-hat-enterprise-linux-7/
https://access.redhat.com/solutions/19458
Good Articles, Useful one
You did awesome job Sadash. It was a real and quick updates in a flash. I would suggest you to keep update this page as one point reference for RHEL7.
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Thanks for providing this informative information…..
You may also refer- http://www.s4techno.com/blog/category/linux/
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I found one more post :- Difference between RHEL6 and RHEL7
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